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How does the brain process the visual information from an image, and how do we recognise a cat or a dog? Can this process be done equally well by a computer, and if so, could for example a doctor be replaced by an artificial intelligence (AI) device that could give you a diagnosis? These questions may seem science fiction like, however, they are not. The automated doctor is already here. The US Food and Drug Agency (FDA) has already approved AI for automated diagnosis in medicine without any interference with a human clinician. By letting a computer see images of a particular body part of the patient, the AI decides the diagnosis. We will discuss these fascinating new developments and demonstrate how AI systems designed to replace human vision and decision processes can behave very non-human like, and make decisions that are nonsensical and, so far, inexplicable. This raises many fundamental questions in the sciences, but also initiates an ethical and philosophical debate.

Anders Hansen is a reader in mathematics at University of Cambridge, where he is also a Royal Society University Research Fellow. He is head of the Applied Functional and Harmonic Analysis group within the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics. Most of his research ranges from various areas of mathematical analysis via foundations of computations, artificial intelligence and deep learning to imaging. His new book (with Ben Adcock) “Compressive Imaging - Sampling, Structure and Learning” (Cambridge University Press 2020) addresses the artificial intelligence impact on modern medical imaging. Dr Hansen has won several prizes including the Leverhulme Prize in Mathematics and Statistics 2017, the IMA Prize in Mathematics and Applications 2018, and the Whitehead Prize 2019.