Sphagnum Mosses

Sphagnum mosses are keystone species in peatland ecosystems, playing a critical role in carbon storage, water regulation, and habitat formation worldwide. The UK supports a rich and distinctive assemblage of Sphagnum species, reflecting the region’s cool, wet climate. From raised bogs and blanket bogs to fens, flushes, and wet heath, these mosses are an important part of many semi-natural habitats. Understanding these species is essential for interpreting peatland ecology, guiding conservation and restoration efforts, and appreciating the global significance of our peatlands as reservoirs of biodiversity and long-term carbon storage.

There are 36 species of Sphagnum in the UK, divided into 6 groups or ‘Sections’: Sphagnum, Rigida, Squarrosa, Subsecunda, Cuspidata and Acutifolia. Each section comprises species which share common morphological characteristics. Identifying a specimen to section is very helpful for identifying it to species.